For more information about MSBuild command-line options, see Command-line reference. The MSBuild project file format lets developers describe the items that are to be built, and also how they are to be built for different operating systems and configurations. In addition, the project file format lets developers author reusable build rules that can be factored into separate files so that builds can be performed consistently across different projects in the product.
The Visual Studio build system stores project-specific logic in the your project file itself, and uses imported MSBuild XML files with extensions like. These imports are sometimes visible in the Visual Studio project file, but in newer projects such as.
NET Core,. NET 5 and. These are called SDK-style projects. When you reference an SDK such as the. The following sections describe some of the basic elements of the MSBuild project file format. For a tutorial about how to create a basic project file, see Walkthrough: Creating an MSBuild project file from scratch. Properties are declared by creating an element that has the name of the property as a child of a PropertyGroup element.
For example, the following code creates a property named BuildDir that has a value of Build. You can define a property conditionally by placing a Condition attribute in the element. The contents of conditional elements are ignored unless the condition evaluates to true.
In the following example, the Configuration element is defined if it hasn't yet been defined. For more information about properties, see MSBuild properties. Items are inputs into the build system and typically represent files.
Items are grouped into item types based on user-defined item names. These item types can be used as parameters for tasks, which use the individual items to perform the steps of the build process. Items are declared in the project file by creating an element that has the name of the item type as a child of an ItemGroup element. For example, the following code creates an item type named Compile , which includes two files. For example, the item type in the example would be referenced by using Compile.
In MSBuild, element and attribute names are case-sensitive. However, property, item, and metadata names are not. The following example creates the item type Compile , comPile , or any other case variation, and gives the item type the value "one.
Items can be declared by using wildcard characters and may contain additional metadata for more advanced build scenarios.
For more information about items, see Items. In the context of this walkthrough, the difference between the two project files is minor. In the search box, type winforms , then choose Create a new Windows Forms App. NET Framework. In the dialog box that appears, choose Create. In the Project name box, type BuildApp. Then choose OK. In the Name box, type BuildApp.
In the previous section, you used Visual Studio to create a Visual C project file. The project file is represented in Solution Explorer by the project node named BuildApp. You can use the Visual Studio code editor to examine the project file. All project files are named with the suffix proj. If you had created a Visual Basic project, the project file name would be BuildApp. Project files are XML-formatted files with the root node Project.
If the project is not an SDK-style project, you must specify the xmlns namespace in the Project element. If you don't know the MSBuild version, you can get it from the first two numbers from the output of the following command line for example, The work of building an application is done with Target and Task elements.
A task is the smallest unit of work, in other words, the "atom" of a build. Tasks are independent executable components which may have inputs and outputs. There are no tasks currently referenced or defined in the project file.
You add tasks to the project file in the sections below. For more information, see the Tasks topic. A target is a named sequence of tasks. For more information, see the Targets topic. The default target is not defined in the project file. Instead, it is specified in imported projects. The Import element specifies imported projects. For example, in a C project, the default target is imported from the file Microsoft.
In SDK-style projects, you don't see this import element, since the SDK attribute causes this file to be imported implicitly. MSBuild keeps track of the targets of a build, and guarantees that each target is built no more than once.
Add these lines to the project file, just after the Import statement or the opening Project element. This creates a target named HelloWorld. Notice that you have IntelliSense support while editing the project file. The Message task is one of the many tasks that ships with MSBuild. Sign up using Email and Password. Post as a guest Name. Email Required, but never shown. The Overflow Blog. Podcast Making Agile work for data science. Stack Gives Back Featured on Meta.
New post summary designs on greatest hits now, everywhere else eventually. Linked Related Hot Network Questions. Changes in Windows between environments may cause problems, if part of your build has a dependency on the bit filesystem or registry redirection. If you maintain a task, you do not have to rewrite it to run in a bit environment. Instead, you can mark it so that MSBuild runs it in a process with the correct bitness: the bit version of MSBuild can start bit tasks out of process, as the bit version can start bit tasks.
BuildTools MSBuild tasks are. You use them in your normal build, even if you have never written one. If a task is not compatible with bit MSBuild, the task may not be found or it may throw an error. Contact the task owner such as by filing an issue in their repo , possibly referencing this breaking change blog post. You have the option of rewriting your task to support running in a or bit environment and deploying both copies of native assemblies, but this is often difficult, so you may prefer to configure MSBuild to run your task in a bit process even from a bit build.
Because this requires starting a new process and communicating with it, it takes more time during the build than running a task in the existing MSBuild process. This is usually not a problem unless the task is called many, many times in your build. Tasks are made available for use with UsingTask elements.
You can configure the task to indicate that it requires a specific runtime environment by specifying the Architecture attribute in the UsingTask element.
This change is backward compatible since MSBuild has supported running tasks in a different architecture since. NET 4.
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